History of the Computer - Cache Memory Part 1 of 2
We looked at the early digital computermemory, see History of the computer - Core Memory, and mentioned that the present standard RAM (Random Access Memory) is chip memory. This conforms with the commonly quoted application of Moore's Law (Gordon Moore was one of the founders of Intel). It states that component density on integrated circuits, which can be paraphrased as performance per unit cost, doubles every 18 months. Early core memory had cycle times in microseconds, today we are talking in nanoseconds.
You may be familiar with the term cache, as applied to PCs. It is one of the performance features mentioned when talking about the latest CPU, or Hard Disk. You can have L1 or L2 cache on the processor, and disk cache of various sizes. Some programs have cache too, also known as buffer, for example, when writing data to a CD burner. Early CD burner programs had 'overruns'. The end result of these was a good supply of coasters!
Mainframe systems have used cache for many years. The concept became popular in the 1970s as a way of speeding up memory access time. This was the time when core memory was being phased out and being replaced with integrated circuits, or chips. Although the chips were much more efficient in terms of physical space, they had other problems of reliability and heat generation. Chips of a certain design were faster, hotter and more expensive than chips of another design, which were cheaper, but slower. Speed has always been one of the most important factors in computer sales, and design engineers have always been on the lookout for ways to improve performance.
The concept of cache memory is based on the fact that a computer is inherently a sequential processing machine. Of course one of the big advantages of the computer program is that it can 'branch' or 'jump' out of sequence - subject of another article in this series. However, there are still enough times when one instruction follows another to make a buffer or cache a useful addition to the computer.
The basic idea of cache is to predict what data is required from memory to be processed in the CPU. Consider a program, which is made up of a series instructions, each one being stored in a location in memory, say from address 100 upwards. The instruction at location 100 is read out of memory and executed by the CPU, then the next instruction is read from location 101 and executed, then 102, 103 etc.
If the memory in question is core memory, it will take maybe 1 microsecond to read an instruction. If the processor takes, say 100 nanoseconds to execute the instruction, it then has to wait 900 nanoseconds for the next instruction (1 microsecond = 1000 nanoseconds). The effective repeat speed of the CPU is 1 microsecond.. (Times and speeds quoted are typical, but do not refer to any specific hardware, merely give an illustration of the principles involved).
In part 2 we consider what happens when we introduce a cache memory.
History of the Computer - Cache Memory Part 1 of 2
Laptop Memory
History of the Computer - Cache Memory Part 1 of 2
History of the Computer - Cache Memory Part 1 of 2 History of the Computer - Cache Memory Part 1 of 2
Computer may have many types of memory problem as it is one of the most important factors in the functioning of the computer. All the data necessary for the operation of the computer is stored in the memory slots. It is always difficult to detect a memory problem if there is no error message displayed by windows. A memory problem can be caused due a physical problem with the computer or sometimes due to improper maintenance and not clearing the old files leading to a stage where windows starts memory dump.
A problem with the memory of the computer can make it crash and give some serious errors and blue screens. Sometimes the system fails to recognize the installed memory. Severe memory problems can be found quickly as the BIOS checks the system memory before booting the computer. If there is a serious error; the computer will just have a blank screen and an unbootable computer. The problems could lie on the memory but there is a higher chance that your registry is the main cause of the memory dump. If there is a corrupted data, there is a high chance that you memory stop responding which causes a blue screen to appear that says beginning of physical memory dump. This can cause the computermemory module to fail. Some effects of this are missing or scrambled data, system crashing very frequently and sometimes reboots all on its own. Registry files and system files could be lost because of this which makes the windows to dump the memory of the RAM to a file. Memory dump is useful as it stores the data and details about the crash and can be useful in analyzing what made the system to crash.
There is hardly anything which can be done if there is a computermemory problem other than changing the physical part which is damaged and try to fix it with registry cleaner.
So things which can be done to prevent computermemory problems are buying memory devices of good quality, not mixing the memory modules of different manufacturers, keeping the computer in good environment which is free from dust, humidity and extreme heat which can damage the computer's physical components. Keep the computer safe from power fluctuations by providing power backup. Spending little time for maintenance of the computer can do a lot of good which will include performance and trouble free computer.
Registry cleaner is a much better option because it is free to download. You can scan for free to see if the actual problems lie on your system registry. You will need to purchase it to fix the problems, which is a better choice since memory is more expensive than the software. The other advantage is that you can maintain your registry to prevent the memory problem to occur in the future.
I bet you are thinking that the second option is more sensible and smart move. If you do not want to see a blue screen of death or a message that says beginning of physical memory dump, check out computermemory problem for further information.
Memory Dump - Computer Memory Problem
Laptop Memory
Memory Dump - Computer Memory Problem
Memory Dump - Computer Memory Problem Memory Dump - Computer Memory Problem
How familiar does the following sound? Your computer was working fine, but then suddenly started locking up (aka hanging or freezing), rebooting itself (crashing) or shutting down spontaneously? If you know only too well what I am talking about, then read on! Performing the simple steps below can fix the majority of lockup cases.
1. Check for recently installed software or hardware.
If the lockups started to happen after you installed a new peace of hardware, new software program, or new drivers, uninstall it and see if the problem goes away.
2. Run your antivirus program.
One of the first things to do in the case of sudden lockups is to run your antivirus program. Check your antivirus manufacturer's website for updates and latest virus definition files. (This is absolutely necessary, outdated antivirus is not going to be of any use!) If you don't have antivirus software installed - or if updates are unavailable - run one of the web-based antivirus scans that some major antivirus vendors like Trend Micro are offering for free. You can find a comprehensive list of available web-based scans and free antivirus programs on http://www.free-antivirus.info.
3. Run some good spyware removal tool.
If your machine is not infected with any viruses, it is still possible that it has some harmful adware or spyware is present. Download and run some good spyware removal tool such as AdAware or Microsoft AntiSpyware. Check http://www.free-antivirus.info for a list of free spyware removal applications.
4. Check for free hard drive space.
When no viruses are found, check out free hard drive space on drive C:. Make sure there is more than 20% of free space available; low disk space can lead to random lockups.
5. Check for overheating.
Overheating is another known cause of lockups. It can be caused by problems with fans inside the case, dust buildup, or other cooling problems. Make sure the power supply fan and CPU fan are running and free of dust buildup. You can check the temperatures inside the case by running Motherboard monitor
http://mbm.livewiredev.com
- make sure the temperatures are within the preset limits. Be very careful while cleaning inside the computer case (use plastic vacuum crevice tool) and NEVER OPEN THE POWER SUPPLY CASE as it contains high voltage.
6. Check the hard disk.
Check the hard disk - it is possible that its logical structure is corrupted. To check the disk for errors, right-click on the disk C: icon in "My Computer", select the "Tools" tab, check all check boxes in the "Check disk options" field, and press the "Check now" button. It should ask whether you want to schedule the check next time you restart your computer - answer "Yes" and restart your PC. The check will be performed automatically after startup; it can take a while, so be patient. The program will attempt to fix some problems automatically - however, if the hard disk is failing physically, it will need to be replaced. It is also a good idea to run Disk Defragmenter (located in Start Menu > Programs > Accessories > System Tools) to optimize data placement on the hard disk for increased performance and reliability.
7. Check the memory.
Sometimes random lockups can be attributed to the computermemory (RAM) starting to fail. You can test the memory by running Windows Memory Diagnostic that can be downloaded from http://oca.microsoft.com/en/windiag.asp. If memory problems are found, try re-seating the RAM (pull it out and plug it back in). If it doesn't work, replace the defective RAM.
8. Check for other hardware problems (advanced users).
More hardware-related problems can be diagnosed by running hardware tests from the Ultimate Boot CD that can be downloaded from http://www.ultimatebootcd.com. However, you should only use it if you know what are you doing - some programs on that CD can be dangerous when used inappropriately (for example, some of them can wipe the contents of your hard disk).
9. Update Windows and drivers.
Some lockups can be caused by outdated software components - update your windows and drives by running a windows update: http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com (it's good idea to run it regularly).
The above steps will help diagnose and eliminate the most common causes of lockups. Hundreds more of other possible scenarios need to be dealt with on a case-by-case basis, as it all goes down to your particular computer configuration. Asking on PC
troubleshooting forums/newsgroups should help you figure out solutions to not-so-obvious lockup cases.
How To Do Your Own Computer or Laptop Memory Upgrade
Upgrading the memory in your computer or laptop is one of the
easiest and most cost-effective ways of improving your computer's
performance. Still many computer owners shy away from any memory upgrade for a number of reasons: lack of knowledge, warranty issues,
fear of ruining their computers, compatibility concerns, or just an
innate feeling that the inside of their computer is just some alien
territory they must never venture.
Like a lot of things in life, a computermemory upgrade seems
more complicated than it actually is. Most of the apprehension
comes from a lack of knowledge. Let's face it, the average computer user may only have a vague idea about RAM, Motherboards, Graphics
Cards and the like.
They know their computer works when they turn it on and that's all
that really matters to them. However, what most people don't realize is
that with a little investment of time and a few dollars, they can make
their computer work better and faster. It's an investment that will
quickly pay for itself; not only will you save time when doing your
daily computer chores, but the overall enjoyment of your computer or
laptop will greatly increase.
It's best to tackle this problem or task with some good information
concerning all the factors involved in the upgrading of your computer's
memory. Let's start with the basics and work from there.
Get Out Of Jail Free Card!
(*Shortcut! Don't have the time or desire to read all the 'ins and
outs' of a RAM or memory upgrade but still want to upgrade your
system. Go to the author's resource box below and click the link.
It will take you to a page where you can find a Memory Advisor tool
which can scan your system and tell you which memory upgrades are
possible with your particular computer or laptop.)
First Step: Know Your RAM
RAM or random access memory. This is what the computer uses to run
applications and data on your computer. You need it to run your
computer's OS operating system, your need it for handling graphics,
files, web-browsing, e-mail and multi-tasking. RAM is vital to the
operation of your computer. As a general rule, the higher the amount
of RAM you have, the faster your computer will work or run.
To complicate things somewhat, there are many types of RAM. The type
of RAM in your computer or laptop may depend on the year it was
made.
From mid-2004 a lot of the computers have DDR2 (double data rate,
second generation) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM). Before that time
many computers had DDR (double data rate, first generation) SDRAM.
Most older systems use SDR (single data rate) SDRAM, fast page mode
(FPM), or extended data out (EDO).
To complicate things even further, most of the types of RAM comes
in different speeds!
DDR2 SDRAM is a new standard that can boost conventional SDRAM
memory up to speeds well over 200MHz and beyond. For example, the
new IBM ThinkPad T43, thanks to the Sonoma Chipset or platform has
533MHz DDR 2 SDRAM.
This is much better than standard SDRAM which tops out around 150-166MHz
and DDR SDRAM which starts at 200MHz and goes up to around 400MHz.
Keep in mind, DRAM means Dynamic Random Access Memory and SDRAM means
Synchronous Dynamic RAM.
And to really confuse you, having a faster RAM speed does not (by itself)
make your computer go faster, you must upgrade or increase the AMOUNT of
RAM in your computer system to increase performance. Also keep in mind
your computer was made to accept a specific memory speed and there's no
benefit from going beyond that limit.
It's usually recommended that you get the fastest speeds for your
system, this will permit for better compatibility and make it easier
for future upgrades.
Second Step: Know Your Machine
Without a doubt, compatibility is the most important factor in
buying a memory upgrade for your laptop or computer. It's essential
that any upgrade be compatible with your computer or machine, i.e.
otherwise it just won't work.
Therefore, you have to know the amount and kind of RAM you have
in your computer or laptop. The best way to find this is to check
your owner's manual. It should tell you the type of RAM your system
is using, it should also tell you the maximum amount of RAM your
system can take.
Obviously, an easy way to make sure you don't exceed the maximum
memory on your computer, just subtract your current memory from
the allowed limit listed in your system specifications. For instance,
if your computer takes a maximum of 512MB of RAM and you have 256MB
installed, then you can upgrade to an additional 256MB of RAM
(512MB - 256MB = 256MB).
You should also be aware that DDR is not backward/forward-compatible,
which means that if you're upgrading a computer that doesn't have
DDR technology, it won't take a DDR upgrade.
Likewise, DDR2 is not backward-compatible, which means if your system
doesn't have DDR2 technology, it won't accept a DDR2 upgrade.
So check your system very carefully and see what kind of RAM it has and
the maximum amount of RAM it will take. You must also check to see if
your computer's warranty will be null and void if you install the RAM
yourself! Some manufacturers actually seal your computer case and you
must have an authorized technician to install your RAM.
Third Step: How Much RAM Do You Need?
It's generally agreed that you need at least 256MB for Windows XP and
Mac OS X. You will only need 128MB for other operating systems in Windows
or Mac. Most general office work and heavy multi-tasking may need 512MB of
RAM. Gamers or Professional Graphic workers usually need the most RAM -
up to 2GB or more of RAM.
Please note, installing a faster speed RAM (as noted earlier) will not
increase the speed of your computer or laptop. The only way to increase
the speed of your computer is to increase the AMOUNT of RAM you have
in your system. Going from 256MB of RAM to 512MB of RAM will speed up
your computer. Going to 2GB of RAM will make it go even faster. Benchmark
testing has shown that you can get from 28% up to 43% increase in
performance, depending on the amount of RAM increase.
However, there's always a spoiler, other parts of your computer must be
able to handle this increase. Your computer will only go as fast as your
slowest link. In other words, you may have to upgrade other elements in
your computer to receive the benefits of a memory upgrade. Make sure you
check this factor first before your make your memory upgrade. Otherwise,
you may just be wasting your time and money.
Another consideration is the Memory of your Video or Graphics Card
in your system. The amount of VRAM is the major factor in your display's
resolution and color depth. A faster and more powerful upgrade in your
Graphics Card will give you increased performance especially for handling
graphics and videos, as in 3D Gaming.
Fourth Step; Ordering Your RAM
There are over 110,000 different memory upgrades you can choose from!
There are many places to order your RAM, from your local computer store
to online sites. If you're ordering online, one the most highly rated
sites is Crucial.com - these people are memory experts and know their
memory! They are a part of Micron, one of the largest DRAM makers
in the world.
Perhaps, what's more important, Crucial has very high consumer
satisfaction ratings from other third party rating sites. This gives
you an unbiased recommendation or indication that the service and
product is top-notch. Even more important, they have the
Crucial Memory Advisor(TM) tool which will scan your computer system
and tell you what memory upgrades are available. They also back
up their products with a lifetime warranty.
Some other thing to keep in mind when ordering your RAM. Many desktop
systems or computers use what's called "non-parity" memory which
means it does not need ECC (error correction code) or "parity"
modules.
Registered, buffered, and unbuffered are other terms that
will come up -- they refer to how a certain memory module
processes signals. Usually, most PC systems take unbuffered
RAM and rely on the motherboard controller to help process
memory. Registered RAM is used mostly in servers.
Fifth Step: Installing Your New Memory or RAM
If you order your RAM online, you will receive your RAM module in
an anti-static bag, along with detailed instructions on how to install
your RAM. On modern system boards, RAM is installed on SIMM or DIMM
modules (SODIMM in notebooks).
One of the most important things to do when installing RAM or working
with your Computer is to 'Ground Yourself' to make sure you
don't 'Shock' your computer with static electricity. You can take
some simple precautions to prevent this from happening. If you have
wrist straps designed to prevent shocks, you need to wear them.
If you don't have wrist straps, here's a simple way to
ground yourself:
You should turn off your computer, monitor, plus all accessories
(speakers, printer, scanner). Unplug your computer and any
accessories. Then quickly touch an unpainted part of your computer case and keep your feet planted in one position while installing
your RAM. If you walk around, repeat the process above before you
touch any internal parts of your laptop or computer.
Open up the back of your computer or laptop. Depending on your model,
you may need a screwdriver. If you have a laptop or notebook, the memory slots are sometimes located under the keyboards. Most times, it's in the
back of your laptop; check your manual for the location of your laptop's
memory.
Depending on your upgrade, you may have to replace your RAM module with
the New one, in other cases, you will be adding any extra module or
two. Follow the specific directions that come with your RAM upgrade; installing the RAM is only a matter of a Push and a snap! Your RAM
upgrade will snap into their memory slots without too much difficulty.
Before you close the case, turn your computer or laptop on to see if
your new RAM is installed. You will see it on the startup screens or
you can easily check it by going into 'My Computer' under properties, if you're using Windows.
Basically, this is how to do your own computer or laptopmemory upgrade. There may be other elements or aspects you might want
to check out before installing your new RAM but follow the guidelines
above and the detailed instructions that come with your RAM module or
modules and you should be OK.
If you have any trouble, click the link in the resource box below. They
have extensive detailed guides that you can follow. If may be a good
idea to check out these guides first, before you order your memory, to
see the kind of procedure you will have to do to install your RAM.
Realizing how simple this procedure is may relieve some of your initial
fears concerning a memory upgrade for your system.
This site also has 'live' help where you can chat to Expert Memory Technicians if you are still having problems.
How To Do Your Own Computer or Laptop Memory Upgrade
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Is Your Computer Responding Slow - Number One Reason Why
If your computer is responding slow or takes a long time to boot this article will provide you with a few tips on how to speed up your computer. Modern programs use more memory than older software so they use more computer resources and memory.
Make sure you have at least the minimum recommended memory for the software you use. The more programs you have running at the same time the slower response time. To start with you will want to run a full virus scan to make sure your computer is not infected.
Take the programs out of your start up that you don't need. This will allow your computer to boot faster. Remove any icons from your desktop that you don't use every day. Remove programs from your quick start or task bar that you don't need. Doing this will free up some of your memory resources.
However the number one reason for a slow computer is spyware and adaware. Most PC users have all sorts of programs running on their computer in the background and have no idea what they are. Anything you download or sometimes even surfing online can install programs on your computer without you knowing. They run in the background using up most of your resources resulting in slow operation.
You will need to do a full scan and clean your computer. While there are a lot of free scanners and cleaners like Adaware or spybot they usually don't do a complete job. Why do you think each one of them finds stuff the other one did not?
The best thing you can do is invest in a top rated professional spyware cleaner. The one time fee you pay for the software is well worth the job it does. Plus you will get lifetime updates and support on most software. A lot of them have a free scan you can download and try. Even if you think your computer is clean it will not hurt to run one and be sure. Then if you do need it you can purchase the registration key. No need to download and set up again.
With a thorough cleaning of your computer you will notice a remarkable improvement in speed and response time. Your computer will run like it did when it was new. You may put off buying that new computer after all.
Is Your Computer Responding Slow - Number One Reason Why
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
How to Fix a Blue Screen Physical Memory Dump Error Easily
These days a lot of errors take place in the computer. The worst part is that the users are not even prepared to handle them. A physical memory dump is a blue screen error which is accompanied by a blue screen. The PC shuts itself down after this error and restarts again. This kind of an error can happen most prominently. It generally happens when problems arise inside the system.
Such a blue screen memory dump can be caused by problems in the hardware and the software of the computer. The hardware problems arise when the memory dump is not at all compatible. This happens when two hardware pieces can't work together. This causes a fight between the two sources of hardware and windows can't work anymore.
In brief, this memory dump error happens when your PC gets so confused that it can't continue operating normally any more.
A problem in the software of the PC can also be responsible for the screen displaying this kind of an error. So, any error in the registry of the PC can be behind this error. Registry is the vast database of the computer which stores all the applications, files and processes of the PC.
Since the registry is opened so many times when the computer is being used, it can cause such errors. Getting such errors is so common today because a registry almost contains 1 million files that can get corrupted at any time. The operating system of the PC becomes perplexed and it opens windows wrongly making it understandable to read after some time. A registry cleaner can help you in cleaning those registry files that are responsible for producing such blue screen dump errors. With the help of a registry cleaner, it is now able to use your computer without worrying about the appearance of any kind of blue screen error messages.
How to Fix a Blue Screen Physical Memory Dump Error Easily
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
The Best Computer For Graphic Design
Since Desktop Publishing (DTP) came out in the eighties, graphic designers have been utilizing computer technology. This has pushed all graphic designers to become competent with computer hardware at the very least.
What is Desktop Publishing (DTP)? In the 1980s, it was a common term applied to digital publishing systems. These systems were developed to replace large, pre-press, specialist design and compositing systems.
Graphic designers rely heavily on computers whether these are Windows PCs or Apple Macs. Whichever computer a graphic designer chooses to use, he/she will opt for the best computer that he/she can purchase. Graphic designers will rarely choose cheap computer hardware.
Back in the eighties, Macs were the only choice for designing and printing. Almost all design layout and graphics software was developed for Macs only or even if the software could be used in Microsoft Windows PC, it was much more reliable on a Mac. Additionally, at that time, Macs were associated with the different technologies used in the prepress and Windows PC was just not a practical choice. Today, modern versions of Mac OS X and Windows allow graphics designers to use design software either in a Mac or PC - they are no longer forced to choose one over the other.
Many graphic designers are not IT experts and making a decision on which computer to buy can be quite daunting. Of course, if money is not a problem, the decision would simply be to buy the most expensive Apple Mac or Windows PC. But most designers cannot afford to do that. In fact, some creative professionals have budgets for second hand equipment only. What really matters to these graphic designers are issues that regular computer users do not even have to think about. These are printer color accuracy, monitor calibration, hard disk speed and external storage devices for gigabytes of data.
Recent studies show that the top 5 computers for graphic design are a mix of Macs and PCs and both laptop and desktop computers fall in this category. But just like any product that a consumer buys, it really is the personal preference of the designer whether he/she will use a desktop computer or a laptop. The important thing is that the user/graphic designer has the appropriate software for the type of computer that he/she wants to purchase.
The Top 5 computers for graphic design are:
Mac Pro Desktop
The Mac line of computers is still widely preferred by most graphic designers. According to Apple, the latest Mac Pro features the all new quad-core Intel Xeon "Nehalen" processor which makes the job of a graphic designer much easier. Apple states further that the new Mac Pro is up to 1.9 times faster than its predecessor. Each processor has an integrated memory controller that allows the processors to have faster access to stored data in the computer's memory, with memory latency decreased by up to 40 percent. This feature will save a lot of time for designers when they do their work.
MacBook Pro Laptop
The MacBook Pro Laptop comes in 13, 15 and 17 inch sizes. It has high-performance NVDIA graphics and LED backlit display which makes editing graphics easier and clearer. This latest model has battery power that lasts up to 8 hours (on 17-inch version). It is powered by the Intel Core 2 Duo processor.
Dell Studio XPS Desktop
The Dell Studio XPS Desktop features the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors. If you plan on working with intensive video or 3D editing, you can have an upgrade to the 16GB Dual Channel DDR3 SDRAM. But its base 3GB memory will enable you to edit photos, create vector or raster designs with ease. Its high-definition ATI graphics card creates clear, precise and flawless graphics - just what a graphic designer needs.
Toshiba Qosmio Laptop
The Toshiba Qosimo is an affordable solution to your graphic design needs. It is powered by either the Intel Core i7 or i5 processor making it easier to create flawless graphics. It has a high-end NVIDIA GeForce graphics card, which ensures that you can clearly see every pixel and frame that you edit. It has a 6GB DDR3 1066MHz memory and a 1GB GDDR5 discrete graphics memory.
HP Pavilion Elite Desktop
The HP Pavilion Elite Desktop is an affordable computer. It is powered by either an AMD Athlon or an Intel Core processor that ranges from an X4 630 quad-core (Athlon) to an i7-980X six-core Extreme Edition (Intel). All HP Pavilion Elite Desktop computers come with genuine 64-bit Windows 7 for the latest technology. Memory ranges from 4GB up to 9GB which guarantees smooth and effortless run of the high-end graphics that you use.
The Best Computer For Graphic Design
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
No URL
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
The Best Computer For Graphic Design
Since Desktop Publishing (DTP) came out in the eighties, graphic designers have been utilizing computer technology. This has pushed all graphic designers to become competent with computer hardware at the very least.
What is Desktop Publishing (DTP)? In the 1980s, it was a common term applied to digital publishing systems. These systems were developed to replace large, pre-press, specialist design and compositing systems.
Graphic designers rely heavily on computers whether these are Windows PCs or Apple Macs. Whichever computer a graphic designer chooses to use, he/she will opt for the best computer that he/she can purchase. Graphic designers will rarely choose cheap computer hardware.
Back in the eighties, Macs were the only choice for designing and printing. Almost all design layout and graphics software was developed for Macs only or even if the software could be used in Microsoft Windows PC, it was much more reliable on a Mac. Additionally, at that time, Macs were associated with the different technologies used in the prepress and Windows PC was just not a practical choice. Today, modern versions of Mac OS X and Windows allow graphics designers to use design software either in a Mac or PC - they are no longer forced to choose one over the other.
Many graphic designers are not IT experts and making a decision on which computer to buy can be quite daunting. Of course, if money is not a problem, the decision would simply be to buy the most expensive Apple Mac or Windows PC. But most designers cannot afford to do that. In fact, some creative professionals have budgets for second hand equipment only. What really matters to these graphic designers are issues that regular computer users do not even have to think about. These are printer color accuracy, monitor calibration, hard disk speed and external storage devices for gigabytes of data.
Recent studies show that the top 5 computers for graphic design are a mix of Macs and PCs and both laptop and desktop computers fall in this category. But just like any product that a consumer buys, it really is the personal preference of the designer whether he/she will use a desktop computer or a laptop. The important thing is that the user/graphic designer has the appropriate software for the type of computer that he/she wants to purchase.
The Top 5 computers for graphic design are:
Mac Pro Desktop
The Mac line of computers is still widely preferred by most graphic designers. According to Apple, the latest Mac Pro features the all new quad-core Intel Xeon "Nehalen" processor which makes the job of a graphic designer much easier. Apple states further that the new Mac Pro is up to 1.9 times faster than its predecessor. Each processor has an integrated memory controller that allows the processors to have faster access to stored data in the computer's memory, with memory latency decreased by up to 40 percent. This feature will save a lot of time for designers when they do their work.
MacBook Pro Laptop
The MacBook Pro Laptop comes in 13, 15 and 17 inch sizes. It has high-performance NVDIA graphics and LED backlit display which makes editing graphics easier and clearer. This latest model has battery power that lasts up to 8 hours (on 17-inch version). It is powered by the Intel Core 2 Duo processor.
Dell Studio XPS Desktop
The Dell Studio XPS Desktop features the Intel Core i5 and i7 processors. If you plan on working with intensive video or 3D editing, you can have an upgrade to the 16GB Dual Channel DDR3 SDRAM. But its base 3GB memory will enable you to edit photos, create vector or raster designs with ease. Its high-definition ATI graphics card creates clear, precise and flawless graphics - just what a graphic designer needs.
Toshiba Qosmio Laptop
The Toshiba Qosimo is an affordable solution to your graphic design needs. It is powered by either the Intel Core i7 or i5 processor making it easier to create flawless graphics. It has a high-end NVIDIA GeForce graphics card, which ensures that you can clearly see every pixel and frame that you edit. It has a 6GB DDR3 1066MHz memory and a 1GB GDDR5 discrete graphics memory.
HP Pavilion Elite Desktop
The HP Pavilion Elite Desktop is an affordable computer. It is powered by either an AMD Athlon or an Intel Core processor that ranges from an X4 630 quad-core (Athlon) to an i7-980X six-core Extreme Edition (Intel). All HP Pavilion Elite Desktop computers come with genuine 64-bit Windows 7 for the latest technology. Memory ranges from 4GB up to 9GB which guarantees smooth and effortless run of the high-end graphics that you use.
The Best Computer For Graphic Design
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Windows Virtual Memory Minimum Too Low? Fix Low Virtual Memory Issue Instantly
Sometimes, when you install a new program in your computer or install a new operating system, the performance of your computers will decrease. This is because that your computer's virtual memory is low. If you are upgrading you computer with a new operating system, it requires more Random Access Memory (RAM) than the older version. Even if you will be able to do all the functions on your computer, you PC will start running slowly. This will be a stressful situation. Moreover, if you will not take the right measures, this small problem can damage your computer entirely.
Therefore, if you are looking for an option to improve the performance of your computer, you should learn more about the concept of virtual memory and its functions.
Virtual memory is a temporary space that is available in the hard drives of the computers. Therefore, if your RAM starts running low, this temporary space will help your system to move the data from the RAM to the space available in the hard drive. This process is commonly known as paging file. In that case, the RAM will become free and all your programs will start running again without any problems. However, in windows 7, you have to set up all the functions manually.
There are also many steps, which you can use if the "windows virtual memory minimum too low" message pop up. As this is a common problem, there are numerous sites on the Internet, which are providing assistance to get rid of it. For instance, you could also clean the windows registry as a final precaution of low virtual memory problem. A registry cleaner can help you in freeing your RAM instantly and automatically. In that case, there is no need to worry about the appearance of "windows virtual memory minimum too low" message.
Windows Virtual Memory Minimum Too Low? Fix Low Virtual Memory Issue Instantly
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Video Clips. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
The Types Of Computer Memory
How can a computer be such an amazing gadget? To many people they just can't be so amazed on how computers have changed the way we live. Computers can now be found in many sizes and shapes. Almost every home appliance seems to have their own mini computer located somewhere. From cars to buildings to almost every gadget there is, most of the time each one has a computer working to make them run and change the very way we live life.
First and foremost, the most important component of the computer is its processor. It is considered the heart of the computer that does all the calculating and processing. But with all that calculating and processing, the computer won't be such a remarkable gadget if not for its amazing memory. Computermemory makes it possible to retain important information on a computer. Such data can be used again and again and retrieved when a certain stored data is needed. Without the computermemory, the processor will have no facility where to store its important calculations and processes, thereby making them useless.
There are different types of computermemory tasked to store different types of data. They also have different capabilities and specialties when it comes to storing necessary data inside the computer. The best known computermemory is the RAM, otherwise known as Random Access Memory. It is called random access because any stored data can be accessed directly if you know the exact row and column that intersect a certain memory cell. In this type of computermemory, data can be accessed in any order. RAM's exact opposite is called SAM or Serial Access Memory, which stores data in a series of memory cells that can only be accessed in order. It operates much like a cassette tape where you have to go through other memory cells before accessing the data that you are looking for.
Other types of computermemory include the ROM or Read Only Memory. ROM is an integrated circuit already programmed with specific data that cannot be modified or changed, hence the name "Read Only". There is also another type of computermemory called Virtual Memory. This type of memory is a common component in most operating systems and desktops. It helps the computers RAM to be freed up with unused applications to make way for loading current applications being used. It works simply by checking for data stored in RAM not being used recently and have it stored in the computer's hard disk, thereby freeing valuable space in RAM for loading other applications. A virtual memory will make a computer think that it has almost unlimited RAM inside it.
Another type of computermemory that has made computers process tasks faster is what is called cache memory. Cache memory works simply by having current applications, calculations and processes stored in its memory instead of directly to the main storage area. When a certain process is in need of data previously used, it first will try to access the cache memory if such data is stored there before accessing the central memory storage area. This frees up the computer from looking for the data in a larger and bigger memory storage area and makes data extraction faster. Computermemory is in a constant state of development as more and more technologies are being developed. Who knows, maybe in the near future computermemory might also be fit for human consumption.
The Types Of Computer Memory
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Tube. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
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Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Adult Computer Games to Improve Memory Power in Adults
One may wonder the need of adult computer games; as such games are computer oriented, on general terms they pertain to youngsters or kids. That is a total myth as PC games are very vital for aging minds, just like a battery re-charge your brain needs to be charged more frequently with growing age. The process of aging not only brings about tremendous change in your body but it also weakens your brainpower to a vast extent. So take charge of the deteriorating mind and feed it with some computer games for it to remain active and agile.
Why Such Games?
The reason to that computer games top the list of memory games is that the accessibility is easy and simple. The computer games are pervasive that are specifically designed to cater to the requirements of the respective adult who is playing the game. Not only this computer games keeps your mind engaged at the comfort of your home and you can play them at any given time that makes them very convenient and are also efficient in exercising your brain.
Purpose of PC Games
The fundamental functions of a computer game are to enhance memory skills, cognitive ability, increase the speed of processing the information obtained by the brain and thus boost concentration. Online computer games offer a wide range of brain games depending upon your age, gender and educational qualification. These parameters make it easier for the user to choose a specific game or say games, which will aid as a good brain-train activity.
Let us Check out a Few Games
Adult computer games such as Word bubbles and Monster garden featured on Lumosity for instance serve as great tools for rejuvenating your mind. Word bubbles for example promote word-finding skills and quicken the mind to remember and recall faster. The Monster garden game is specially designed to improve spatial memory and the difficulty level in these games are gradually upgraded as you progress positively.
Making the Most out of These Games
Adult computer games are simple and efficient techniques of reviving your brain with multi-tasks. They reform your overall well-being and make a lot of difference to your lifestyle too. The results derived by playing these games are quite remarkable; it enhances cognitive ability in fast and effective way. You can choose to play any game as a daily regime or devote sometime for playing these games and the road to success for a healthy brain is not so far after all. An adult computer game is certainly the in-thing and a thorough brain gym.
Adult Computer Games to Improve Memory Power in Adults
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Video Clips. Duration : 3.98 Mins.
Colbie Caillat - We Both Know ft. Gavin DeGraw
Colbie Calliat ft. Gavin DeGraw "We Both Know" is available on the the Safe Haven Soundtrack Pre-order on iTunes: smarturl.it Music video by Colbie Caillat performing We Both Know. (C) 2013 Universal Republic Records, a division of UMG Recordings, Inc.
